Chemical composition



Patented Apr. 7, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONNo Drawing. Application May 23, 1940, Serial No. 336,390

1 Claim.

This invention relates to an improved dressing composition forlubricating, softening and/or ilexibilizing filaments, yarns, threads,or the like comprised of organic acid esters of cellulose, together withfilaments, yarns, threads, and the like to which the composition hasbeen applied; and more particularly to an improved stable, antistatic,and noncorrosive composition comprising palm kernel oil for lubricating,softening and/or fiexibilizing filaments, yarns, threads, and the likecomprised of cellulose acetate, together with filaments, yarns, threads,and the like of cellulose acetate to which the .composition has beenapplied.

It is a desirable and necessary practice to treat filaments, yarns,thread, and the like produced from organic esters of cellulose with adressing composition prior to initial collection in package form of suchfilament, yarn or thread. Formulation of a satisfactory composition isfraught with difllculties for in addition to lubricating, softeningand/or fiexlbilizing the filaments, a suitable dressing composition mustfulfill addiwill minimize static effect, prevent oxidation of thesoftening agent, and still have a finish that will not be occluded butwill uniformly affect the filament, and can be readily and uniformlyremoved therefrom after fabrication of the filament, yarn or thread intoa fabric.

This invention has as an object new dressingneutralize or minimize theeifect of the static ments, yarn and threads.

tlonal functions. It is well known, for example,

that filaments of organic acid esters of cellulose become readilycharged with static electricity which is troublesome in subsequentoperations, and it is necessary therefore to have in the dressingcomposition an ingredient toneutralize this charge,.or minimize itseffect. Further, it is known that vegetable oils, otherwise satisfactoryas lubricating and softening agents tend to oxidize upon-ageing andthese oxidized compounds deleteriously affect the filament, yarn orthread. Hence, the dressing composition must contain a constituent toprevent oxidation of the softening agent. And to complicate mattersfurther, fresh spun filaments of organic acid esters of celluloseproduced by the evaporative spinning method, for example celluloseacetate produced by the spinning of acetone-soluble cellulose acetatedissolved in acetone, have the peculiar property of occludingingredients from finishing compositions when applied thereto immediatelyafter leaving the spinning cell and prior to initial collection inpackage form. This occlusion of finish composltion affects the filamentvariously in that fabrics produced therefrom dye non-uniformly; also theluster of the filament is frequently affected, and unfortunatelynon-uniformly.

, It has therefore been extremely difiicult to compound a suitabledressing composition which have the requisite softening and lubricatingaction on the filament, yarn or thread, which Diluent charge, and whichat the same time uniformly lubricate and soften filaments of organicacid esters of cellulose. A still further object is the formulation of adressing composition which will impart a uniform finish to celluloseacetate fila- A still further, object resides in the filaments, yarnsand threads of organic acid esters of cellulose to which our noveldressing compositions have been applied. These and other objects willmore clearly appear hereinafter.

These objects are accomplished by the following invention. It has beenfound that palm 'kernel oil is outstanding as a softening andlubricatingagent for filaments, yarns and threads of organic acid esters ofcellulose and particularly for cellulose acetate yarn. It has a lowiodine number, or in other words, it is relatively free from unsaturatedcompounds and, therefore, is less apt to develop odor and ,rancidityupon storage as compared to other non-drying vegetable oils such asolive oil. Additionally, palm kernel oil is not occluded ordissolved inthe filament, yarn or thread, and compositions containing a largeproportion of palm kernel oil can be more readily removed fromfabricated yarn products 'andthe like than has been possible withcompositions used heretofore.

It has further been found that palm oil combined with known antistaticmaterials, corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants and diluents in thefollowing 'proportionsby weight:

Palm kernel oil An antistatic material". 5-15 Corrosion inhibitor 0.1-1An antioxidant 0.5-5 0-150 Palm kernel oil constitutes an exceptionallygood dressing com-' position for softening, lubricating, and/orflexibilizing filaments, yarns, threads or the like, produced fromorganic acid esters of cellulose such as cellulose acetate.

It is. of course, desirable to use a high grade palm kernel oil of lightcolor and uniform physical characteristics from lot to lot. As theantistatic material, compounds falling under the termN-dialkylcyclohexylamine lorol' sulfa such as dimethylcyclohexylamine"lorol" sulfate and diethy'lcyclohexylamine loro sulfate, have provenvery satisfactory. The term lorol is intended to cover the residue ofthe commercially available mixed primary alcohols containing 10 to.18carbon atoms. In addition, th products described in U. S. Patent No.2,139,276 to Lenher et al., such as diethylcyclohexylamine laurylsulfate, dimethylcyclohexylamine lauryl sulfate, diethylcyclohexylaminestearyl sulfate, diethylcyclohexylamine cetyl sulfate, .etc., have alsoproven very satisfactory. Other suitable materials for this purpose area 50-50 mixture of sodium "ocenol (commercially available mixedunsaturated alcohols containing 16 and 18 carbon atoms) sulfate andsodium cetyl sulfate,

trimethylstearyl ammonium bromide, Stenol, which is a mixture of thehigher alcohols comprising chiefly alcohols containing 16 and 18 carbonatoms with a little alcoholof 14 carbon atoms, and the reaction productof dialkanol stearamide and dimethyl sulfate such as the reactionproduct of diethanol stearamide and dimethyl sulfate. As the corrosioninhibitor,

dilorol phosphate, diethylcyclohexylamine, lecithin, and triethanolaminehavebeen found quite satisfactory. Any well known antioxidants such ashydroquinone, alpha naphthol, beta naphthol, Eugenol, diphenylamine,lecithin, and pyrogallol may be used. Mixtures of two or more of theabove antistatic agents, mixtures of two or more antioxidants, andmixtures of two or more corrosion inhibitors may of course be employed.The diluent is preferably a refined mineral oil and should preferably beof low viscosity. Other diluents such as kerosene,

diethylene glycol monolaurate, and butyl palmitate also be used.

-. As specific examples which have been found exceptionally suitable andparticularly for dressing cellulose acetate multi-fllament yarn, thefollowing are given;-parts are by weight: Example-I Parts 100 Diethylcyclohexylamine .lorol sulfate as antistatic agent 5.5 'Dilorolphosphate as the corrosion inhibitor 0.2 I Eugenol as the antioxidant0.83 Kerosene as the diluent 5.5

Example II Parts Palm kernel oil 100 Diethylcyclohexylamine lorolsulfate as the antistatic .agent 7.8 Dieth'ylcyclohexylamine as thecorrosion 0.8 Dilorol" phosphate inhibitors 0.17 Eugenol as theantioxidant 0.8 Lecithinalso as the antioxidant. 3.3

Refinedmineral oil as the diluent. 52

' Example II! Parts Palm kernel oil 100 Diethylcyclohexylamine lorolsulfate as the antistatic agent 5 "Dilorol" phosphate as the corrosioninhibitor Eugenol as the antioxidant 1 Example IV I Y Parts Palm kernelil 100 Diethylcyclohexylamine stearyl sulfate as the antistatic agent 5Lecithin as the corrosion inhibitor 1 Hydroquinon'e as the antioxidant1' Example V y 20 Parts Palm kernel oil ...".....L.. 100Diethylcyclohexylamine cetyl sulfate as the antistatic agent .10'Ifriethanolamine as the corrosion inhibitor. 1 Alpha naphthol as. theantioxidant 2 Refined mineral oil as the diluent 100 Example VI Parts'Palm kernel oil 100 Equal mixture of sodiumocenol" sulfate and sodiumcetyl sulfate as the antistatic agent a 5 Dilorol phosphate as thecorrosion inhibitor 0.1 Beta n aphthol as the antioxidant 0.5

Example l'll 40 I Parts Palm kernel oil '100 Trimethyl stearyl ammoniumbromide as the antistatic agent Dilorol" phosphate asv the corrosioninhibitor"; 7 0.1 Diphenylamine' as the antioxidant 1 Example VIII PartsPalm kernel oil 100 A 25% solution of the reaction product of stearicacid and diethanolamine prepared .as described in the first part ofExample 7 ofU. 8. Patent 2,096,749 and then treated with dim'ethylsulfate as described in the a same patent, as the antistatic agent-.." 5Dilorol phosphate as "the corrosion inhibitor- 0.1 Eugenol as theantioxidant 1 Example IX Parts 5 Palm kernel oil 1 A 25% solution of thereaction product of stearic acid and diethanolamine prepared asdescribed in the first part of Example 7 of U. S. Patent 2,096,749 andthen treated with dimethyl sulfate as described in the same patent, asthe antistatic agent; 5 Dilorol" phosphate as the corrosion inhibitor0.1 Lecithin asthe Eugenol antioxidants Example X Parts Palm kernel oil100 A 25% solution of the reaction product of of U. S. Patent 2,096,749and then treated with dimethyl sulfate as described in the same patent,as the antistatic agent..-" 7

Eugenol as the antioxidant 1.5 Dilorol phosphate as the corrosioninhibitor 0.2 Refined mineral oil as the diluent 50 Any convenientprocedure for mixing the ingredients set forth in the foregoingcompositions can be used. It is generally desirable to heat the palmkernel oil to about 40-50 C. to render it completely liquid. (Itsmelting point is in the neighborhood 'of 30 C.) While agitating andmaintaining a temperature between about 40-50 0., the antistaticmaterial is added, and after stirring this mixture for a few minutes theother ingredients, preferably in the following order, are added: thediluent, corrosion inhibitor, and the antioxidant. Throughout thismixing the temperature is maintained above about 40 C. and the mixtureagitated. When mineral oil is used as the diluent, it is frequentlydesirable to dissolve the antioxidant, for example lechithin, thereinand then incorporate this mixture in the palm kernel oil-antistaticagent mixture.

It is, of course, understood that while this invention has beendescribed specifically as a dressingcomposition for cellulose acetateyarn, it is suitable for use with other organic acid esters ofcellulose, such as on filaments, yarn, threads, and the like producedfrom cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, celluloseacetopropionate, cellulose aceto-butyrate, etc. It may be applied notonly-to continuous filament yarn which will be sold and used as such,but also to ropes of continuous filaments which will subsequently be cutor otherwise formed into staple.

The filament, yarn or thread may be treated with this finish in' anysuitable manner, such as by means of wiper rolls in contact with thefinish and also in contact with the yarn or the like, by means of wicksor by other means known to those skilled in the art. The yarn willpreferably be treated so that it contains from 0.5% to 10% by weight ofthe composition of this invention and more generally from 1.0% to 3.0%of this composition.

The physical properties of palm kernel oil with regard to melting point,viscosity, or some other characteristics, are such that the physicalquality of the yarn and the like processed with the dressing compositiondescribed herein is better than that of yarn processed with finishesmade substantially from mineral oil or other vegetable oils such asolive oil. This improved physical quality of the yarn may come aboutfrom a better cohesion of the filaments with increased protection fromabrasion, and results in greater freedom from loops, broken filaments,fluff, or other common yarn defects.

The use of palm kernel oil avoids the deleterious oxidation effectsassociated with the high percentage of unsaturated chemical bondspresent in the usual vegetable oils heretofore used in textileprocessing. Oxidation results in uneven dyeing and reduced tensilestrength for the yarns involved. Oxidation can occur on storage, and isaccelerated by exposure to radiation such as heat and light, oroxidizing agents such as ozone. Palm kernel oil finishes possess a verydesirable resistance to these influences.

Cellulose acetate yarn which has been impregnated by the compositionsabove described can be readily knit in the usualmanner withoutdifficulty and the knit goods so produced can be easily freed from thedressing composition without deleteriously ,aifecting the yarn. Moreparticularly, the yarn so finished is exceptionally useful as fillingyarn in woven goods and can be readily twisted and wound in any suitableform.

It is to be understood that the above description is for purposes of.illustration, and that the invention is not limited thereby but includesraher all modifications and equivalents falling under the terms andspirit thereof as set forth in the following claim.

We claim:

A dressing composition to be applied to filaments, yarns and threads ofcellulose acetate which comprises about parts by weight of palm kerneloil, about 7.8 parts of diethylcyclohexyiamine loral" sulfate, about 0.8part of diethylcyclohexylamine, about 0.17 part of diloro phosphate,about 0.8 parts of Eugenol, about 3.3 parts of lecithin, and about 52parts or refined mineral oil.

FENTON H. S MORRIS EARL BISHOR. ROBERT M. HOFFMAN.

' P tent No. 2,278Q7L 7 CERTIFICATE o- CORRECTION.

' April 7, 191g. "FENTCN H. SWEZEY, ET AL.

I It is hereby certified that error appears in the printedepejcification of the above numbered patent requiring correction asfollows:' Page 2, first. column, line 14.8, before "also'! insert"mayend second column line 714., for "Lecithin" read --Eugenol--; line"75, for "Eugenol" read Lecithin-q page 5, first Column, line 11.5, for"lechithin" read lecithin and sec- 0nd column, line 115, for "raher"read --rather--; line 55, for "loral" read -lorol; line 56, for "partsor" read -parts of--; and that the said Lettere Patent should be readwith thie correction therein tha'tfthe '1 same may conform to the recordof the case in the Patent {Officer Signed and sealed this 26th day ofMay, A. D.- 1912.

Henry Van Ars dale,

(Seal) "Acting Commis ioner of Patents.

CERTIFICATE or CORRECTION. Petent No. 2378,71 7. April 7, 19h2.

' FENTON H. SWEZEY, ET AL.

It is hereby "certified that error appears in the printed specificationof the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows! Page 2,first. column, line 148, before "also" insert may; and second column,line 717., for "Lecithin" read -Eugenol--; line 75, for "Eugenol" read--Lecithin---; page 5, first column, line 1;}, for "lechithin" read-lecithin-; and sec- 0nd column, line 145, for "raher" read -rather;line 55, for "loral" reed -lorol-; line 56, for "parts or" read "partsof--; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with thiscorrection therein that the same may conform to the record of the casein the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 26th day of May, A. D. 19LL2.

Henry Van Arsdale, (Seal) v Acting Commis ioner 'of Patents.

